Sunan at-Tirmithiy كتاب تفسير القرآن

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَبَّانُ بْنُ هِلاَلٍ حَدَّثَنَا سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَبِى حَزْمٍ أَخُو حَزْمٍ الْقُطَعِىِّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِىُّ عَنْ جُنْدُبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَنْ قَالَ فِى الْقُرْآنِ بِرَأْيِهِ فَأَصَابَ فَقَدْ أَخْطَأَ. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ. وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِى سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِى حَزْمٍ. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَكَذَا رُوِىَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِىِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَغَيْرِهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ شَدَّدُوا فِى هَذَا فِى أَنْ يُفَسَّرَ الْقُرْآنُ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ. وَأَمَّا الَّذِى رُوِىَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَقَتَادَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُمْ فَسَّرُوا الْقُرْآنَ فَلَيْسَ الظَّنُّ بِهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا فِى الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ فَسَّرُوهُ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ أَوْ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَقَدْ رُوِىَ عَنْهُمْ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا قُلْنَا أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَقُولُوا مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ.
The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said, "Whoever interprets the Qur'ān in [light of] his (1) own opinion, even if correct, has nonetheless erred (2)." Footnotes: 1- Masculine pronouns are generally used in Arabic as a means for referring to both men and women, when the meaning is left general and is not otherwise specified. 2- This is an admonition against the interpretation of the Qur'ān without sound religious knowledge and understanding. Click on ḥadīth to read more
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ عَنِ الْمُبَارَكِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُ زَوَّجَ أُخْتَهُ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ مَا كَانَتْ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً لَمْ يُرَاجِعْهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتِ الْعِدَّةُ فَهَوِيَهَا وَهَوِيَتْهُ ثُمَّ خَطَبَهَا مَعَ الْخُطَّابِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا لُكَعُ أَكْرَمْتُكَ بِهَا وَزَوَّجْتُكَهَا فَطَلَّقْتَهَا وَاللَّهِ لاَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَيْكَ أَبَدًا آخِرُ مَا عَلَيْكَ قَالَ فَعَلِمَ اللَّهُ حَاجَتَهُ إِلَيْهَا وَحَاجَتَهَا إِلَى بَعْلِهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَأَنْتُمْ لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَهَا مَعْقِلٌ قَالَ سَمْعًا لِرَبِّى وَطَاعَةً ثُمَّ دَعَاهُ فَقَالَ أُزَوِّجُكَ وَأُكْرِمُكَ. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَقَدْ رُوِىَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ. وَفِى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دَلاَلَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لاَ يَجُوزُ النِّكَاحُ بِغَيْرِ وَلِىٍّ لأَنَّ أُخْتَ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ كَانَتْ ثَيِّبًا فَلَوْ كَانَ الأَمْرُ إِلَيْهَا دُونَ وَلِيِّهَا لَزَوَّجَتْ نَفْسَهَا وَلَمْ تَحْتَجْ إِلَى وَلِيِّهَا مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَإِنَّمَا خَاطَبَ اللَّهُ فِى الآيَةِ الأَوْلِيَاءَ فَقَالَ فَلاَ تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ فَفِى هَذِهِ الآيَةِ دَلاَلَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الأَمْرَ إِلَى الأَوْلِيَاءِ فِى التَّزْوِيجِ مَعَ رِضَاهُنَّ.
Ma‘qil Ibn-Yasār married his sister to one of the Muslims at the time of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him. They were married for some time, then he divorced her once and did not reconcile with her before the prescribed period1was over. He then desired to return to her and she to him, and proposed to her along with other candidates. Ma‘qil said to him, "You fool! I honored you with her, and married you to her, yet you divorced her. By God, she shall never return to you. This is the end of it." However, God knew of his need for her and her need for her husband, thus He revealed, "And when you divorce women and they have fulfilled their term, do not prevent them from remarrying their [former] husbands if they agree among themselves on an acceptable basis. That is instructed to whoever of you believes in Allah and the Last Day. That is better for you and purer, and Allah knows and you know not." (2 [al-Baqarah]: 232) When Ma‘qil heard this, he said, "I have heard and I shall obey my Lord." So he called his brother-in-law and told him, "I will allow you to marry [her] and honor you." In this ḥadīth, there is proof that marriage is not permissible for a woman without the approval of her legal guardian2, since Ma‘qil's sister was previously married. If the decision were up to her, regardless of her legal guardian's opinion, she would have gotten married independently and would not have needed her guardian's permission. God addresses the legal guardians in the verse, wherein He said "do not prevent them from remarrying their [former] husbands" (2 [al-Baqarah]: 232), and as such this verse is proof that the final decision is up to the legal guardian when it comes to marriage and that the woman should approve of the marriage. 1The waiting period prescribed by Islamic law during which a newly widowed or divorced woman may not remarry. 2 A women's legal guardian in matters of marriage is her closest, adult male relative, who must be capable of acting in her best interests. Click on ḥadīth to read more
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الطَّالْقَانِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ أَخْبَرَنَا عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِى حَكِيمٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ جَارِيَةَ اللَّخْمِىُّ عَنْ أَبِى أُمَيَّةَ الشَّعْبَانِىِّ قَالَ أَتَيْتُ أَبَا ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِىَّ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ فِى هَذِهِ الآيَةِ قَالَ أَيَّةُ آيَةٍ قُلْتُ قَوْلُهُ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لاَ يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ قَالَ أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ سَأَلْتَ عَنْهَا خَبِيرًا سَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ بَلِ ائْتَمِرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنَاهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ حَتَّى إِذَا رَأَيْتَ شُحًّا مُطَاعًا وَهَوًى مُتَّبَعًا وَدُنْيَا مُؤْثَرَةً وَإِعْجَابَ كُلِّ ذِى رَأْىٍ بِرَأْيِهِ فَعَلَيْكَ بِخَاصَّةِ نَفْسِكَ وَدَعِ الْعَوَامَّ فَإِنَّ مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ أَيَّامًا الصَّبْرُ فِيهِنَّ مِثْلُ الْقَبْضِ عَلَى الْجَمْرِ لِلْعَامِلِ فِيهِنَّ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلاً يَعْمَلُونَ مِثْلَ عَمَلِكُمْ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ وَزَادَنِى غَيْرُ عُتْبَةَ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَجْرُ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلاً مِنَّا أَوْ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ لاَ بَلْ أَجْرُخَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ.
Abū-Umayyah ash-Sha'bānī said, "I asked Abū-Tha‘labah al-Khushanī about the interpretation of the verse: 'O you who have believed, upon you is [responsibility for] yourselves. Those who have gone astray will not harm you when you have been guided.'" (5 [al-Mā'idah]: 105) He replied, "By God, you have certainly asked someone who is well-acquainted [with its interpretation], for I asked the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, about it (1) and he said, 'Rather, promote the good and ward off evil amongst each other. Once you see stinginess obeyed, whims followed, worldly life favored, and one's opinions acclaimed, then, preserve yourself and leave the common people. For indeed, ahead of you are days in which exercising patience will be like grasping live coal tightly in one's hand. The one who performs righteous deeds then will have the reward of fifty people performing your deeds.'" 'Abdullāh Ibnul-Mubārak (one of the narrators of the ḥadīth) related that it was asked, "Messenger of God, the reward of fifty of us or fifty of them?" He replied, "No. Rather, it is the reward of fifty of you." Footnotes: (1) Apparently, the verse seems to urge Muslims to be solely concerned with themselves instead of engaging in promoting the good and warding off evil. Therefore the Companion asked the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, for further clarification. Click on ḥadīth to read more
حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ أَبِى بُرْدَةَ بْنِ أَبِى مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَىَّ أَمَانَيْنِ لأُمَّتِى وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَأَنْتَ فِيهِمْ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ مُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَهُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ إِذَا مَضَيْتُ تَرَكْتُ فِيهِمْ الاِسْتِغْفَارَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ. هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ. وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ يُضَعَّفُ فِى الْحَدِيثِ.
The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said, "God sent down to me two guarantees of safety [against His immediate torment] for my nation; 'But Allah would not punish them while you, [O Muhammad], are among them, and Allah would not punish them while they seek forgiveness' (8 [al-Anfāl]: 33). When I pass away, I leave with them [the act of] seeking forgiveness, until the Day of Resurrection." Click on ḥadīth to read more